The
World is a Text
Reading
Literature
Objectives:
5 bullet points outlining the chapter
In
this chapter you will
·
Examine how
meaning is constructed by the author and the reader in a text
·
Look at poetic
language and gain an understanding of how it represents an emotional or
cultural reality
·
Examine the
role of irony, parody, and trickster figures to understand how literature maps
the human condition
·
Analyze the
use of concrete language in building depth and multiplicities of meaning
·
Focus on
literature and its depiction of social and economic class in
Jean Toomer "Blood
Burning Moon" Cane (Public Domain, 1923).
Author
Jean Toomer was born Nathan Eugene Pinchback
Tomer in
Multiple Choice
Questions
1.
What color is Louisa’s skin? a)
skeleton stone white; b) like moonbeams; c) red like Georgia clay; d) color
of oak leaves on young trees in fall; e) polished mahogany.
2.
What color is Tom Burwell’s skin?
a) brown; b) white; c) yellow brown; d)
ashy gray; e) red clay.
3.
What color is Bob Stone’s skin?
a) brown; b) white; c) yellow olive; d)
gray blue; e) red clay.
4.
Why are the contrasting colors of Bob’s and Tom’s skins important? a) They color coordinate with the black and
tan hounds; b) Tom is a member of the Ku Klux Klan; c) They balance each
other, which Louisa needs since she is not absolutely of one race or another;
d) Louisa is writing a novel about the South.
5.
What was Jean Toomer’s background? a) Cuban, arrived as
a refugee from the Spanish American War in 1898; b) He considered himself to
be of all races and of not just one; c) He was Arcadian (Cajun) French; d)
His mother was from the
6.
How are Jean Toomer and Louisa similar? a) They have deep affection for all people,
regardless of race or ethnicity; b) They are caught in the middle of other
people’s conflicts and jealousies; c) They seek to understand the relation
of the human to nature, and they see human drama reflected in the landscape
around them; d) They realize that certain groups will view them as though they
had a right to own them, and thus strip them of their core humanity; e) all of
the above; f) none of the above.
7.
How did Bob begin a relationship with Louisa? a) He bought her a dozen roses and a goat; b)
He “took” her like a master as she leaned over the hearth; c) He invited
her to a barbecue; d) He asked her father for permission to court her.
8.
What is Bob’s attitude toward Louisa?
a) love and respect; b) admiration for her
talents and abilities; c) lust and a need to possess her because it makes
him feel powerful; d) tenderness and generosity.
9.
How does the full moon function?
a) as a mirror of the injustices and terrible events occurring on the
face of the earth; b) as a symbol of evil; c) as a light that reveals the
terrible truths usually kept hidden; d) as a reflection of fire and blood; e) all
of the above.
10. How does the story end? a) Tom Burwell gets a new job as the
supervisor of the cotton factory; b) The mob watches Tom burn at the stake,
thus burning him alive; c) Bob proposes to Louisa; d) Louisa learns she is
pregnant.
Before You Read
Have race riots or
racial tensions occurred in your town?
Contemplate the history of your town or your state and describe what you
have heard about the reasons for racial or ethnic conflict, and the eventual
outcome. Did it start because a member
of one group misinterpreted the actions or behaviors of another group? What
were they? Was there racial profiling?
After You Read
How did this story
make you feel? How do you think it made
readers in 1923 feel? Why? What are the most disturbing aspects of the
story? Could this happen today? Why?
Web Links
http://www.dclibrary.org/blkren/bios/toomerj.html
http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/toomer/jean-toomer.html
http://www.poets.org/exh/Exhibit.cfm?prmID=7
James
Tate "Goodtime Jesus" Riven
Doggeries (Ecco Press, 1979).
Author
James Tate was born in
Author information from The
Academy of American Poets. http://www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=71&CFID=7211508&CFTOKEN=61104394
Multiple Choice
Questions
1.
Who is the protagonist in “Goodtime Jesus”? a) the historical
Jesus; b) a Chicano worker named Jesus;
c) a donkey; d) Judas Iscariot; e) a Roman soldier?
2.
“Dreaming so deep” is an example of a) end-rhyme; b) alliteration;
c) assonance; d) personification; e) iambic pentameter.
3.
The diction in “Goodtime Jesus” is a) formal; b) informal; c) polylingual; d) Elizabethan.
4.
Resurrection is suggested by the following concepts in the poem: a) the
line “got up one day;” b) waking up
after “dreaming so deep;” c) “dead bodies walking around him” instead of lying
still in their burial places; d) dead bodies juxtaposed with morning, a
“beautiful day” and drinking coffee; e) all of the above.
5.
James Tate is well known for a) highly formal poems; b) Renaissance
drama; c) informal, down-to-earth characters and concerns; d) science
and technology-themed work.
6.
James Tate received the following award: a) Pulitzer Prize; b) Academy Award
for Best Screenplay; c) Neustadt Prize; d) Nobel
Prize; e) Rockefeller
Award for Innovative Writing.
7.
What kind of animal does Jesus mention in “Goodtime Jesus”? a) dog; b) barracuda; c) lamb; d) donkey,
e) dove.
8.
Which of the following poems is not a poem by James Tate? a) “The Days of Pie and Coffee”, b) “Restless
Leg Syndrome”; c) “The Definition of Weeding”, d) “Dream On.”
9.
Which is a book by James Tate: a) The Lost Pilot,
b) The Big Ha-Ha, c) Arrivals; d) The Days of
Toast and Coffee; e) Dreaming On and On.
10. Which is not a line from
“Success Comes to Cow Creek”? a) “he’s
the fire hydrant / of the underdog; b) “I suggest suicide; / he prefers
murder”; c) “we, two / doomed pennies on the track”; d) “the chill air would
flatten / us,
if we let it”; e) “I swim
toward shore as / fast as my boots allow.”
Before You Read
Can you think of
times when the sacred, the powerful, or the untouchable become profane, and it
makes you laugh? Where? Describe episodes of Monty Python, Saturday
Night Live, M.A.D., or other parody / satires and explain why
you laugh.
After You Read
What was your
initial response to “Goodtime Jesus”?
Did it make you laugh? When? Did it make you wonder what it might be like
to wake up one day and find yourself, an ordinary mortal, converted into Jesus? What would it be like to wake up one day and
find that you had traded places with a) Queen Elizabeth; b) the Buddha; c) the
president of the
Web Links
Poetry Exhibits. The
Dana Gioia. “James Tate and American
Surrealism”. http://www.danagioia.net/essays/etate.htm
Mike McGee, “Interview with James Tate” in Cross-X-Connect: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/xconnect/v4/i1/g/magee.html
Michael Brooks Cryer,
“Michael Brooks Cryer Reviews Memoir of the
Hawk by James Tate”
The
Biography and Poems by James
Tate. American Poems.
http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/jamestate/
Pablo Neruda,
"Ode to My Socks." Neruda
and Vallejo: Selected Poems. Ed.
Robert Bly. (Beacon
Press, 1993).
Author
Poet, diplomat, and
Marxist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971, Neftalí
Ricardo Reyes Basoalto (Pablo Neruda)
was born in Parral, a small town in central
Multiple Choice
Questions
1.
Pablo Neruda was born in a) Cuba; b) the
Dominican Republic; c) Borneo; d) Chile; e) Los Angeles.
2.
Pablo Neruda is best known for his a)
television sitcoms; b) theater of rebellion; c)
writings in support of monarchy; d) poetry; e) novels.
3.
The socks that the narrator receives from Maru
Mori are as soft as a) kittens; b) rabbits; c) roses; d) my tears upon
waking; e) a beagle.
4.
They are knitted with threads of a) twilight and goatskin; b)
the petals of dawn; c) candelight and longing; d) fog
and sharks-teeth.
5.
The narrator’s attitude toward the socks is one of a) appreciation;
b) warrior-like energy; c) sadness and defeat; d) hunger and self-denial.
6.
The translation of the poem features a) end-rhyme; b) iambic feet; c)
pentameter; d) extended alliteration; e) terza rima; f) none of the above.
7.
The follow animals are mentioned in the poem: a) sharks; b) birds; c) green deer; d)
fireflies; e) all of the above.
8.
Pablo Neruda was awarded the following
prize: a) Academy Award for Best
Director; b) Nobel Prize for Literature; c) Neustadt
Award; d) Palm D’Or; e) Medal of Highest Honor from
the
9.
In 1924, Pablo Neruda wrote Twenty Love
Poems and a Song which were
examples of a) Provencal love ballads; b) ghazals; c)
lyric poems; d) Petrarchan sonnets; e) blank
verse.
10. Pablo Neruda
died in a) 1823; b) 1991; c) 1976; d) 1973; e) 1968.
Before You Read
Name five poems
that you can recall without having to look in a book. What do you like about them? Why?
After You Read
If someone asked
you to write an ode to an everyday item in your life, what would you write
about and why? Would you write about
your favorite breakfast item? To the
place you work out? To the book you had
when you were growing up that you read over and over again? To your favorite t--shirt? How would you work in the history of the
item, the people associated with it, your life and current events at the time?
or,
Why do you like or
dislike this poem? List ten things you
like or dislike and explain why.
Web Links
“Pablo Neruda: Biography
and Nobel Lecture”. Nobel
e--Museum. http://www.nobel.se/literature/laureates/1971/neruda-bio.html
“Pablo Neruda:
Biography, Poems, Bibliography” in Poetry Exhibits. The
“Pablo Neruda (1904-1973):
Original Name Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto”. Books and Writers.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/neruda.htm
“Pablo Neruda.” The Nobel Prize
Internet Archive. http://almaz.com/nobel/literature/1971a.html
Monique Filsnoel. “Pablo Neruda’s Isla Negra: A French Admirer of
Pablo Neruda Visits His Isla
Negra in
Carolyn Forché,
"The Colonel." The Country Between Us. HarperCollins. 1987.
Author
Carolyn Forché's first poetry collection, Gathering The Tribes (Yale University Press, 1976), won the
Yale Series of Younger Poets Award from the Yale University Press. Forché has held three fellowships from The National
Endowment for the Arts, and in 1992 she received a Lannan
Foundation Literary Award "as a writer of excellence, whose work promotes
a truer understanding of contemporary life." That same year, she received,
with Nobel Laureate Derek Walcott, the Charity Randall Citation from the
International Poetry Forum. Her anthology, Against Forgetting:
Twentieth-Century Poetry of Witness,
a collection of poetry in English and in translation by poets who endured
conditions of social, historical and political extremity during the 20th
century was published by W.W. Norton & Co. in 1993. In March, 1994, her third book of poetry, The
Angel of History (HarperCollins, Publishers), received The Los
Angeles Times Book Award. Recently, she was chosen to receive The Edita and Ira Morris Hiroshima Foundation for Peace and
Culture Award for 1998, which was presented to her in
Multiple Choice
Questions:
1.
Where does the poem take place?
a) a prison; b) the colonel’s office; c) at a
restaurant; d) at the colonel’s house; e) around a swimming pool.
2.
Why is this piece considered a poem and not
simply prose? a) the way that each
element is used so that it takes on more than one meaning; b) the description
of the ears that simultaneously dehumanizes (“The were like dried peach
halves.”) and revivifies them, connecting them back to a living owner (“Some of
the ears on the floor caught this scrap of his voice.”); c) the way that
violence and power are depicted in concrete ways (“Broken bottles were embedded
in the walls around the house to scoop the kneecaps from a man’s legs”) which
shows rather than tells; d) descriptions that ask the reader to reperceive a familiar object (“The moon swung bare on its black
cord over the house.”); e) all of the above; f) none of the above.
3.
The wife is depicted as a) a powerful “queen” figure; b) a woman who
serves the colonel; c) a dark, small woman with a simian face; d) dead.
4.
What was the former use of the sack used to carry ears? a) a purple velvet pouch carrying a bottle of
Chivas Regal scotch; b) a plastic bag once used in
suffocating cats; c) used to bring groceries home; d) used to carry a
change of clothes “in case things get messy.”
5.
The narrator of the poem a) is in love with the colonel; b) believes
she must report upon what she saw and affirm that what people have heard is
true; c) is the daughter of the colonel; d) approves of what she sees, and
described why the “mano dura”
(strong-arm government) is necessary in South America.
6.
The colonel has a bag of ears.
They are ears a) from pigs; b) from stray dogs; c) from people;
d) from gerbils; e) from plastic masks used by the secret police when they make
raids.
7.
Carolyn Forché’s book of poems published in
1994 is entitled a) The Angel of History; b) Los
Desaparecidos; c) Eva Peron’s Book of
Dreams; d) Love and My Dictator.
8.
Forché’s anthology, Against Forgetting: Twentieth
Century Poetry of Witness contains works by authors who are a)
born-again Christians; b) survivors of conditions of extremity; c)
members of the religious group, Jehovah’s Witness, d) part of the government
Witness Protection Program.
9.
Carolyn Forché worked a) as a
correspondent in
10. Forché teaches a) rug-weaving; b)
jewelry making with native grasses; c) poetry and writing workshops; d)
day-trading courses; e) financial accounting and CPA review courses.
Before You Read
When you think of
South or Central American dictators, who comes to
mind? What have you heard about
them? How do they keep the opposition
from gaining power? Describe the
methods. Do you think that it is
justified? Ever?
After You Read
Did you find this
poem disturbing? Why or why not? What are the specific elements in this poem
that make you aware that this is a highly crafted work of art?
Web Links
Carolyn Forché. “Carolyn Forché
Welcomes You to Her Home Page”. http://mason.gmu.edu/~cForchém/
“Carolyn Forché: Life and
Career; On a
Poetry of Witness; On Images of Violence, etc.”
Modern American Poetry http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/Forché/Forché.htm
Steven Ratiner. “Carolyn Forché: The Poetry
of Witness”s The
Blue Ear: The Face and Place of Poetry.
David Wright.
“Assembling Community:
An Interview with Carolyn Forché”. Nimble
Spirit: The Literary Spirituality Review.
“Carolyn Forché. New
York State Writers Institute. http://www.albany.edu/writers-inst/Forché.html
Bernard Malamud,
"The Magic Barrel". The Magic Barrel. (FS&G, 1999).
Author
Bernard Malamud was born in
Multiple Choice.
1.
The story deals with a person who is a professional a) matchmaker;
b) bookie; c) gigolo; d) owner of a pawn shop; e) college professor.
2.
“The Magic Barrel” was written in a) 1958; b) originally in
fourteenth-century Russia, handed down via oral tradition in the Jewish community;
b) 1970; c) 1965; d) Warsaw, Poland, by
a man who was hiding in a grotto, carving the letters into wax tablets.
3.
Leo Finkle is a) a butcher; b) a
rabbinical student; c) an actor; d) the owner of a chain of pawn shops; e)
really a woman.
4.
Salzman “accidentally” mixes in the photo of a) his wife;
b) the next-door-neighbor, a florist; c) his daughter, Stella; d)
his niece, Ruth.
5.
“The Magic Barrel” is an example of a) realism; b)
postmodernism; c) surrealism; d) protest poetry; e) autobiography.
6.
How does Salzman mislead Lilly about Leo Finkle? a) He tells her the rabbinical student is
extremely mystical; b) He gives Leo the wrong time so that he shows up late
and offends Lilly; c) He tells her Leo is engaged to someone else; d) He gives
Lilly the expectation that Leo is already in love with her.
7.
What does Leo begin to think of Salzman? a) He is an excellent marriage-broker; b) He
is a trickster; c) He is down on his luck; d) He is worried about his daughter;
e) all of the above.
8.
Bernard Malamud’s The Magic Barrel
received a) extremely bad reviews; b) hate mail from marriage brokers; c)
The National Book Award; d) an advance of $1 million for a screenplay,
which became
9.
Which book is not by Bernard Malamud: a) The Fixer; b) The
Crying of
10. Bernard Malamud
worked a) as a butcher; b) as a clerk in the Bureau of Census in
Before You Read
Have you ever known
anyone who has met someone through an intermediary? Was it through personal ads in a newspaper or
a website? Was it via a chat room or
bulletin board? What happened? Was there any deception or misrepresentation
involved? Did the intermediary, or the medium
itself, predispose you to have false expectations?
After You Read
Find five different
instances in the text in which Salzman was guilty of
deception or trickery. Explain precisely
how he misled the individuals? Do you
think that Salzman was profoundly wise, and uniquely
able to understand the core values of his clients so that he could help them
find the sort of match that would make them happy, or do you think he was a
“schlemiel” (a hapless bungler)?
Web Links
Mervyn Rothstein. “Bernard Malamud,
Author, Dies at Age 71” The New York Times on the Web.
Walter Goodman. “Return of the Schlmiel” New
York Times on the Web.
Philip Roth. “Pictures of Malamud.” New York Times on the Web. (
“Bernard Malamud”. Study
Guide for The First Seven Years. http://www.giganticny.com/Gigantic_Pictures/7_Years/study_guide.htm
“Bernard Malamud”. http://www.emanuelnyc.org/bulletin/archive/35.html
Nathaniel Hawthorne. "Young Goodman Brown." Public Domain
Author
Novelist and
short-story writer, Hawthorne was a central figure in the American Renaissance.
Multiple Choice.
1.
Where does the story take place?
a) Decatur, Georgia; b) New York City; c) Salem, Massachusetts;
d) Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts; e) none of the above.
2.
What causes Goodman Brown to think that his wife, Faith, has been
unfaithful? a) the presence of pink ribbon in the
wild woods; b) Credit card receipts indicating that she has been traveling
to
3.
Which names are ironized in the story, and
make the reader start to think that the character with the name actually
possesses the opposite qualities? a)
Goodman; b) Faith; c) Goody; d) Deacon; e) all of the above.
4.
Why were Massachusetts Puritans so deathly afraid of female
sexuality? a) All women are evil-doing
witches, no matter how innocent and well-meaning they pretend to be; b) All
women have the ability to conceal their true motives; c) Social convention
and societal norms are largely ineffective at controlling human nature; d)
Beauty is skin deep and a seductive trick to make you have contact with
something that is ghastly and perhaps, in actuality, dead or close to it.
5.
Are characters such as Malamud’s Salzman and Hawthorne’s witches tricksters? If so, is it because they a) cause a person
to see the world in a new way, even when they do not want to? b) bring about shape-shifting, and allow people to see an
underlying truth? c) is the underlying truth about
oneself, and less about the observable, external, phenomenal world? d) all of the above.
6.
Why might this story be relevant today?
a) appearances deceive; b) deep-seated negative emotions and beliefs
cause people to act, as in the case of “Blood-Burning Moon” in frighteningly
violent ways; c) jealousy causes people to misread the signs, misread the text
that is the world; d) all of the above.
7.
Nathaniel Hawthorne also wrote a) Circles; b) I
Sing the Body Electric; c) The Scarlet Letter;
d) Moby-Dick.
8.
Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote gothic tales set in a)
9.
How are women considered in Toomer and
10. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote
“Young Goodman Brown” in a) 1655; b) 1950; c) 1835; d) 1900; e) 1776.
Before You Read
How many works of
literature or film can you think of that contain depictions of American
Puritans of Massachusetts? What are they
usually doing? Why?
After You Read
How would you
convert “Young Goodman Brown” into a
Web Links
Students of
“Site Exploring ‘Young Goodman Brown’ first
published in 1835”
includes “Allegorical Young Goodman Brown” and “A View of Young
Goodman Brown” (student papers) http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~daniel/amlit/goodman/goodman.html
“Nathaniel Hawthorne.”
Brothers Heuss. “About Nathaniel Hawthorne” Cyber Learning Studios. http://www.underthesun.cc/Classics/Hawthorne/
“Nathaniel Hawthorne.” Faculty Site: Gonazaga http://www.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl311/hawthor.htm
Emily Dickinson. "My Life had
stood a loaded Gun." Public Domain
Author
Emily Dickinson was
born in
Multiple Choice
1.
Where did Emily Dickinson live?
a) on a tea plantation near Bombay, India; b) on an indigo plantation in
South Carolina; c) in Amherst, Massachusetts; d) in Bennington, Vermont;
e) in Washington, D.C.
2.
What does the “loaded gun” refer to? a) the
beginning of deer season; b) the pent-up rage, energy, and potential that is
largely unrealized in one’s life; c) the Civil War; d) road rage.
3. The idea of hunting a doe
symbolizes a) an ironic use of Christian symbolism which suggests that one is
hunting the deer, which
is the soul; b) a willingness to kill what is innocent and/or
fruitful; c) indiscriminate violence; d) the power to hunt anything with
impunity; e) all of the above.
4.
What do the references to a “loaded gun” and a “Vesuvian
face” suggest, when considered together?
a) the explosiveness of the feelings; b)
something that will discharge, with lethal consequences; c) Her life is sitting
in the corner dormant until one day it erupts without warning; d) all of the
above.
5.
Who is “the Owner”? a) the Grim Reaper; b) Santa Claus; c) the self (divided); d)
the person who holds the title.
6.
What happens at night? a) She
goes to the hills and kills does; b) She guards her master’s head, although
she is his foe; c) She crochets flames and volcanoes into a throw; d) The
Civil War ghosts beg for the ability to die as well as kill.
7.
Emily Dickinson lived a life typified by a) extensive travels through
the Ottoman Empire; b) opium addiction; c) reclusiveness;
d) cultivating prize orchids; e) teaching at a women’s seminary.
8.
Emily Dickinson was married a) five times; b) twice; c) four times; d)
never; e) once.
9.
When were her poems published?
a) at the same time as Uncle Tom’s Cabin,
with which they were bound as a boxed set; b) when she was only fifteen years
old; c) long after her death; d) upon the birth of her seventh child.
10. The poem illustrates a)
contradictions within the human heart; b) how one is sometimes only able to
understand oneself via extended metaphors comparing oneself or one’s life to an
inanimate object; c) the power of minimalism; d) the way that confession is
incorporated into poetry; e) all of the above.
Before You Read
Can you think of
films or works of literature that deal with pent-up rage?
After You Read
Read Sylvia Plath’s “Lady Lazarus” http://www.poets.org/poems/poems.cfm?prmID=1063
and compare it with Emily Dickinson’s poem.
One is minimalist and the other highly rhythmic and lyrical. Nevertheless, do you see similarities in the
sense that these both depict emotion-charged voices? Explain how they make you explore the
condition of pent-up feelings and fantasies of power.
Web Links
“Emily Dickinson.”
The Emily Dickinson
International Society. http://www.cwru.edu/affil/edis/edisindex.html
“Virtual Emily.” http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~emilypg/index1.html
“Emily Dickinson.”
“Emily Dickinson: Biography and Works.” The Literary Network. http://www.bartleby.com/65/di/DickinsoE.html
Wislawa Szymborska,
"Slapstick" View With a Grain of Sand. (Harvest Books,
1995).
Author
Wislawa Szymborska was born in Kornik in
Multiple Choice
1.
Wislawa Szymborska is from a) The
Czech Republic; b) Slovenia; c) Poland; d) Estonia; e) Magadan, Siberia.
2.
She was awarded a) The People’s Choice Award on MTV; b) The New
Yorker’s Outstanding Contribution to Humanity Award; c) Nobel Prize
for Literature; d) Uncle Mookie’s Karioke Star Award; e) an honorary doctorate from The
University of Oklahoma.
3.
What does “slapstick” refer to?
a) a skateboard move involving stairs and another skateboard (the
“stick” to “slap”); b) a lack of respect toward women; c) early comic
routines involving large, theatrical, often campy gestures, evolved from
vaudeville; d) a literary term for figurative language that snaps one into
a new consciousness -- a kind of metaphor, similar to synecdoche.
4.
To watch “a hundred comic somersaults / turned over a hundred abysses”
suggests that a) Juxtapositions of the absurd and the tragicomic with the
truly hopeless makes the human struggle all the more poignant; b) The
actors will be dizzy; c) If they miss, they’ll die and won’t that be funny!; d)
It’s a long movie, but people do like action, don’t they?
5.
The lines “not even crying Save me, Save me / since all of this takes
place in silence” a) Shows why people like sound in their movie; b) The Cirque du Soleil choreographers have
read Szymborska; c) To be self-aware of the
futility of one’s own struggles and “cris du coeur” is perhaps the most
heartrending of all expressions in art; d) is like watching a Ronald
McDonald commercial with the sound turned off.
6.
Angels “clap their wings / and tears run from their eyes” a) because
this tragicomic scene shows an essential truth about the human condition, and
it moves one to tears; b) because the angels are sadists and, even though
they could do something to help, they prefer to watch poor humankind
self-destruct in awkward and embarrassing ways; c) because it’s funny to watch
people suffer; d) because it means that these are less than divine angels, and
they know it; they feel good when they can watch someone else act like an
impotent goof, for a change.
7.
Angels prefer slapstick because a) the “serious” works of art are
too self-absorbed and do not really capture the essential nature of the human
struggle; b) schadenfreude
is the highest level of artistic emotion; c) angels consider “our novels
concerning thwarted hopes” only appropriate material for entities who actually
possess power; d) seeing a “startled mouse / run[ning] down a pantleg” is funny.
8.
When we see images of angels, they are usually a) idealized to the
point that they are symbols of specific churches and doctrines, such as
Catholicism; b) asking the reader to make an interpretation that emphasizes
gravity, seriousness, and respect; c) a symbol of hope, or of the idea that a
guardian force exists; d) all of the above.
9.
To make the usual symbols of power, reverence, and doctrine (and/or
dogma) be seen in a different way is to a) subvert readers’ expectations; b)
undermine the authority of the ideas and/or beliefs that stood behind the
traditional symbols; c) ask the reader to question his or her interpretation of
the symbol or “text,” d) all of the above.
10.
The title of Szymborska’s selected poems is
a) A Hundred Abysses; b) Miracle Fair;
c) Dancing on the Head of a Pin; d) People on a Boat.
Before You Read
Describe the films
you have watched which depict God, angels, or other deities as human. Are they funny? When?
After You Read
If you were to
write a poem or a short story that show humans at their most absurd and
tragicomic, where would you set the action, and what would you have people
doing? Imagine yourself to be a guardian
angel or diety, looking down and observing
individuals a) at a mall doing Christmas shopping two days before Christmas; b)
on Valentine’s Day; c) on Halloween. How
would you describe what you see?
Web Links
“Wyslawa Szymborska.” Nobel Prize Internet
Archive. http://almaz.com/nobel/literature/1996a.html
“Wyslavwa Szymborska: Biography, Nobel Lecture, Selected Poems.” Nobel e-Museum. http://www.nobel.se/literature/laureates/1996/
“Wyslava Szymborska: Nobel Laureate.”
“Wyslava
Szymborska” Books and Writers. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/szymbor.htm
“Wyslava Szymborska Pages”
Kate Chopin, "The Story of an
Hour." Public Domain.
Author
Born Catherine
O'Flaherty on
Multiple Choice.
1.
Where does this story take place?
a) at Mrs. Mallard’s home; b) at a train station; c) at the opera
house; d) in the insurance agent’s office; e) in a rose garden.
2.
Mrs. Mallard is afflicted with a) pneumonia; b) leprosy; c) heart
trouble; d) tuberculosis.
3.
Mrs. Mallard receives news that her husband has a) bought six new
horses; b) adopted a child he fathered during an affair; c) will only speak
French in the household; d) has died in an accident.
4.
After her initial dismay and grief when she learns the news, Mrs.
Mallard a) begins to realize she will experience a level of freedom she has
never had before; b) is angry because she has no place to keep the horses;
c) is angry
because of his affair, although she loves the child at first sight; d) is sad
because French reminds of her Tante Pauline.
5.
“She would live for herself” suggests that a) Her role as wife has
required her to subjugate herself to the will of her husband; b) She can
ride horses if she wants, sell them if she wishes; c) She is tired of taking
care of other people’s children; d) She has been reading feminist theory.
6.
Her husband is a) a womanizing dog; b) a man who “never looked save
with love upon her; c) an inventor; d) suffering from depression or
Alzheimer’s.
7.
The “joy that kills” referred to at the end of the story is ironic
because a) She has a heart attack because she is so overjoyed to see that he is
actually alive that she dies; b) The “joy” that occurred was upon finding
that she would be free, and she died when she realized she would lose her
newly-gained freedoms; c) The six horses were so overjoyed to see her that
they trampled her to death; d) Her husband’s affair made him feel joy, but it
killed his marriage.
8.
Kate Chopin’s The Awakening was published in 1899, and it
scandalized readers with its open sexuality.
It was not published again until the 1950s, when it a) became an
inspiration for Wonder Woman, b) was widely reprinted and read
in university literature courses; c) was made into a movie; d) was used as
the basis for a series of commercials for No-Doze.
9.
Kate Chopin lived in
10. Kate Chopin received her
early education from a) her mother and her Tante
Yvette; b) the Academy of the Sacred Heart; c) a Benedictine monastery
in nearby
Before You Read
Have you ever
wondered what would happen to you if you were suddenly liberated from a
life-situation that severely limits you, but which you had become resigned
to? What is this situation? A job you dislike but need? A dysfunctional
relationship? How would you envision your response?
After You Read
Did you feel
sympathy for the protagonist? What other
works of literature or film did this remind you of? Why?
When?
Web Links
“Kate Chopin: A Re-Awakening.” PBS http://www.pbs.org/katechopin/
Christina Ker. “Ahead of
Her Time: Kate Chopin.” http://empirezine.com/spotlight/chopin/chopin1.htm
Barbara C. Ewell. “Kate Chopin”
Barbara Ewell, ed. “Kate Chopin: A Literary Journey”
Linda McGovern.
“Footprints in Cloutierville.”
The Literary Traveler. http://www.literarytraveler.com/summer/south/clout.htm
William Carlos Williams, "The
Red Wheelbarrow." New Directions, 1963.
Author Bio – one
paragraph
William Carlos
Williams was born in
10- Multiple
Choice Questions: Comprehension/Chapter/reading-specific
1.
“The Red Wheelbarrow” is an example of a) minimalism; b) gothic;
c) iambic pentameter; d) terza rima;
e) sonnet.
2.
William Carlos Williams was influenced by a) puppets from
3.
William Carlos Williams was a) a veterinarian; b) a marriage broker; c)
a doctor; d) an insurance executive; e) a woman.
4.
Spring and All is a) a silent film; b) Marilyn Monroe’s first feature film; c) a
book of poetry by William Carlos Williams; d) a popular song sold as sheet
music in 1919.
5.
William Carlos Williams was influenced by a) philosophical writings in
the early 20th century that focused on perception and how people
make meaning; b) an idea that the job of art is to make you see things in a new
way; c) “make it new” and “bestrangement” are the goals
of the poet; d) minimalists; e) all of the above.
6.
Minimalism is effective because it a) takes away the excess and asks
you to look at the basic structure of your mind as it makes meaning of the
poem; b) asks you to look very closely at each word and the arrangement on the
page; c) is similar to living in the world and life itself because it doesn’t
come with an instruction manual (mode d’emploi); d)
reminds you of the way you might read a logo, graffiti, or a sign; e) all of
the above.
7.
William Carlos Williams wrote a) Paterson, b) Kora in Hell; c) Al Que
Quiere; d) The Pisan
Cantos; e) all except (d).
8.
Paterson is different than the other works that preceded it because it relies
more heavily on a) juxtaposion and collage; b)
earthworks in collaboration with Robert Smithson; c) introductory essays by
President Truman; d) photographs that accompany the poems.
9.
William Carlos Williams was affiliated with the American a)
avant-garde; b) theater; c) silent film; d)
neo-classical architecture and its corollaries in poetics.
10. His goals were to model
poetry after a) American speech patterns; b) American images and art; c)
mythical history as represented in his work In the American Grain
(1925), d) capture what could be the essence of American thought in experimental
poetics; e) all of the above.
Before You Read
essay question
If you take the
text from an ad in a magazine, or from a billboard, and then you write it down
on a blank sheet of paper, how do you read the words? Do you tend to think of the words in a way that
is different than when you read an article or read the words in conjunction
with images? Why? How?
After You Read
essay question
Try writing the
same sort of minimalist poem about a) a green lawnmower; b) a black backpack;
c) a solitary high-heeled woman’s shoe; d) a toothbrush. What happens in the construction of such a
text? Do you find yourself relying on
the image you have of it in order to reduce the words and make the depiction
minimalist? Which words do you focus on
and why?
5 web links re: author and/or reading topic
“William Carlos Williams” LitKicks. http://www.charm.net/~brooklyn/People/WilliamCarlosWilliams.html
“William Carlos Williams” Modern American Poetry. http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/s_z/williams/williams.htm
“William Carlos Williams”
“Archive”
Brian A. Bremen, Ed. William Carlos Williams Review http://www.en.utexas.edu/wcw/index2.html
Daniel Morris.
“William Carlos Williams: Publicity for the Self – Book publicity” http://www.system.missouri.edu/upress/spring1995/morris.htm
Langston Hughes,
"Deferred" from Montage of a Dream Deferred. Knopf. 1952.
Author Bio – one
paragraph
Langston Hughes was
born in
10- Multiple
Choice Questions: Comprehension/Chapter/reading-specific
1.
Langston Hughes was a) Chicano; b) Philippine-American; c)
African-American; d) from
2.
Langston Hughes was born in a) Manila, Philippines; b) Sherman Flats,
Mississippi; c) Joplin, Missouri; d) Tulsa, Oklahoma; e) Manaus, Brazil.
3.
In “
4.
A “dream deferred” does not a) dry up / like a raisin in the
sun; b) explode; c) flower toward the sun / like a rare gardenia; d)
stink like rotten meat.
5.
Langston Hughes is not a) bringing to the reader’s consciousness that
not all Americans have equal access to the American dream; b) using art as a
way to express social critique and protest; c) using poetry to express an
emotional and existential state; d) writing ad copy for a national brand of
dried fruit.
6.
Langston Hughes’ first book of poetry, published in 1926, is entitled a)
The Weary Blues; b) A Raisin in the Sun; c)
7.
In the poems included in this selection, both Emily Dickinson and
Langston Hughes write a) about the animal rights; b) about frustration and a
state of being that is on the edge of explosion; c) using dashes and short
lines; d) their grandmothers’ gardens.
8.
Langston Hughes’ major influences were a) Walt Whitman; b) Carl
Sandburg; c) Paul Lawrence Dunbar; d) all of the above.
9.
The line, “Raisin In the Sun” was used later as a) the title of a
collection of poems used as lyrics by Billie Holiday; b) the title of a play
by Lorraine Hansberry; c) the basis of jazz
improvisations by Charlie “Bird” Parker; d) all of the above; e) none of the
above.
10. Langston Hughes’ work is
influenced by a) his love of jazz and blues; b) rhythms of African-American
musical forms; c) his travels in Africa and Europe; d) his desire to effect
positive social change; e) all of the above.
Before You Read
essay question
Can you think of
musicians whose work includes a great deal of social protest? Describe them.
After You Read
essay question
Do you think that “A
Dream Deferred” makes sense for today?
Is it relevant? Why? Where and when?
5 web links re: author and/or reading topic
“Langston Hughes,”
“James Langston Hughes” Red
Hot Jazz. http://www.redhotjazz.com/hughes.html
“Langston Hughes: Teacher Resource File”
“Langston Hughes” Modern American Poetry. http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/hughes/hughes.htm
Jeff Trussell. “Langston Hughes: Poet Hero” Poet Heroes. http://www.myhero.com/hero.asp?hero=langstonHughes
Chris Haven,
"Assisted Living." ThreePenny Review. 2000.
Author Bio – one
paragraph
NEED BIO FROM
MS.
10- Multiple
Choice Questions: Comprehension/Chapter/reading-specific
1.
Jules is a) an investment banker; b) a recently laid-off dot.com
programmer; c) a real estate agent; d) a pilot; e) a butcher.
2.
Jules met Otto a) in a grocery store; b) as Otto waited on a corner,
looking lost; c) at an Intel training session for the next generation
computer chip; d) at a mixer at the Dallas Hyatt Regency; e) delivering
packages.
3. “Assisted Living” makes a
comment about relationships and suggests that a) buying bigger and better
houses is a way that a husband tries to satisfy a wife who is “too pretty for
him”; b) some relationships are negotiated rather than built on love; c) needs
and desires built on fantasy are ultimately unattainable; d) all living is
“assisted living” whether we realize it or not; e) all of the above.
4.
What does Otto do in the “dream home”?
a) refuses to enter it; b) talks about the
dream home that he and his wife built in
5.
Jules offers to take Otto out for lunch, so they go to a) a cafeteria;
b) the restaurant near the front desk of the Hyatt; c) check out a sushi bar
next to the I-Mac exhibit; d) Wendy’s drive-thru.
6.
Otto lives in a) an Airstream travel trailer;
b) in a penthouse in the building next to the Hyatt; c) an A-frame house;
d) an apartment.
7.
Otto used to be a) a car mechanic; b) a mainframe programmer; c) the
owner of a fleet of delivery vans; d) a real estate broker; e) a
butcher.
8.
Otto’s daughter talks of having Otto a) put more money in mutual funds;
b) buy his own plane; c) write a book about the beginning of the computer age;
d) going into assisted living; e) none of the above.
9.
Otto’s daughter’s name is a) Jewel; b) Marketta;
c) Linda; d) Kenyatta; e) Kate.
10. When Jules finds out the
Tony will have managed to put Tammy in her dream home, he responds a) by buying
a bottle of Tott’s champagne; b) looking out the
window and thinking about the view from the 18th floor of the Hyatt
Regency; c) saying to himself: “Poor
bastard.” d) gives the pork chops he has just cut to the assisted
living center down the street.
Before You Read
essay question
Do you know anyone
who has a relative who can no longer live alone? What behaviors characterize that
individual?
After You Read
essay question
Re-read
“Slapstick.” Does Otto remind you at all of
the individuals depicted in the poem?
When? What is he doing? How does this make you re-consider the human
condition?
5 web links re: author and/or reading topic
“Chris Haven” ThreePenny
Review online. Issue 82: Summer
2000. http://www.threepennyreview.com/tocs/82_su00.html
Glossary of Eldercare Terms. http://www.natl-eldercare-service.com/glossarya.htm
Assisted Living for Alzheimers
and Dementia. http://www.silveradosenior.com/
Review of Doris Lessing’s The
Summer Before Dark http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/09/14/reviews/lessing-summer.html
Keaton Walks Away with Marvin’s
Room. http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9701/13/marvins.room/
Adrian Louis, "Dust
World" Among the Dog Eaters.
Author Bio – one
paragraph
Adrian C. Louis was
born and raised in
10- Multiple
Choice Questions: Comprehension/Chapter/reading-specific
1.
“Dust World” describes a) a bus station; b) Route 66 through
2.
Landscapes in Louis’ poetry are a) pastoral, like a scene from
Wordsworth; b) urban; c) bleak; d) subtropical paradise.
3.
The landscapes reflect a) the metaphysical and/or spiritual condition
of the inhabitants; b) the result of poverty and disenfranchisement; c) a sense
of futurelessness; d) the forces that drive an
individual to despair and alcoholism; e) all of the above.
4.
The Pine Ridge Reservation is located in a) South Dakota; b)
Tennessee; c) Oklahoma; d) Arizona.
5.
Adrian Louis is a) Kickapoo; b) Lakota Sioux;
c) Lovelock Paiute; d) Citizens Band Pottawatomi from Little Axe,
6.
Adrian writes of contemporary Native American themes in order to a)
call to attention the spiritual condition of a people defeated and
disenfranchised; b) to make people aware of the true situation; c) to find
beauty and dignity within dehumanizing poverty; d) to focus on values that
transcend material appearances or a consumer culture; e) all of the above.
7.
“When America died, I was passed out and I never noticed” is from
Adrian Louis’s a) poem “Snake Farmers,” b) essay, “Earth Bone Connected to
the Spirit Bone,” c) short story; “Coyote Steals the Interstate,” d) essay,
“Low-Rez Is How You See It.”
8.
Adrian Louis is a graduate of a) Brown University writing program; b)
Columbia University writing program; c) University of Nevada – Reno; d)
University of Montana; e) never went to college.
9.
Ceremonies of the Damned by Adrian Louis is a) a collection of short
stories; b) a collection of poems; c) collection of essays; d) drawing
and glyphs.
10. Skins is a) a novel by Adrian C.
Louis a) about a Lakota Souix tribal officer; b) has
been made into a movie, release date June 2002; c) about Native American Vietnam veterans; d) none of
the above; e) all of the above.
Before You Read
essay question
Describe what you
think when you consider a reservation and reservation life? Have you ever been on a reservation? What was it like?
After You Read
essay question
If you lived on a
reservation, would you try to leave?
Why? Do you believe that people
who live on a reservation have the same idea of “The American Dream” as an
immigrant? Might they feel something in
common with the narrator of “A Dream Deferred?”
Why?
5 web links re: author and/or reading topic
Joe Napora. “About Adrian C. Louis’ Poetry” Modern
American Poetry. http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/louis/about.htm
“Adrian C. Louis” Modern
American Poetry. http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/louis/louis.htm
Adrian C. Louis. “Earth Bone Connected to the Spirit Bone.” Ploughshares online. Spring
1996. http://www.pshares.org/issues/article.cfm?prmArticleID=4040
“Adrian C. Louis: Works on Ploughshares online”
Ploughshares online. http://www.pshares.org/Authors/authorDetails.cfm?prmAuthorID=939
“Song of the Snake” (audio and text) The
Flannery O'Connor, "Good
Country People" A Good Man is Hard to Find.
HBJ.
1977
Author Bio – one
paragraph
Flannery O’Connor
was born in
10- Multiple
Choice Questions: Comprehension/Chapter/reading-specific
1.
Flannery O’Connor was born in a)
2. Flannery O’Connor was
preoccupied with themes of a) the doomed nature of humanity; b) the tragic and
grotesque; c) dark side of human nature; d) Catholicism and Christianity; e)
all of the above.
3.
She wrote a) short stories; b) novels; c) letters; d) essays; e) all
of the above; f) none of the above.
4.
In “Good Country People,” the female protagonist changed her name to a)
Dido; b) Artemis; c) Hulga; d) Joy; e)
Maggie.
5.
In “Good Country People,” the female protagonist is educated and has a)
a masters in theology; b) a nursing certificate; c) a Ph.D. in philosophy;
d) a graduate degree in chemical engineering; e) master’s degree in education.
6.
In “Good Country People,” Manley Pointer is a) a traveling Bible
salesman; b) a bootlegger; c) manufacturer’s sales rep for nylon stockings;
d) a preacher; e) none of the above.
7.
In “Good Country People,” the female protagonist wants to a) buy new
sheer stockings; b) conceal her alcoholism from her mother; c) seduce Manley
Pointer; d) develop a new process for manufacturing phosphates.
8.
In “Good Country People,” Mrs. Hopewell a) is the female protagonist’s
mother; b) “thought of the broad blank hull of a battleship” when she thinks of
her daughter’s new name; c) is confused by her daughter; d) lives in the
country; e) all of the above.
9.
The female protagonist of “Good Country People” has a) a new diamond
necklace she has concealed from her mother; b) an engagement ring she keeps
hidden in the third drawer of her mahogany chiffoniere;
c) an artificial leg; d) a glass eye.
10. Flannery O’Connor suffered
from a) diabetes; b) lupus; c) heart disease; d) tuberculosis; e)
bipolar disorder.
Before You Read
essay question
What is a con
artist? What does he or she do? What are various types of “cons”? Who do they most often delude? Why?
After You Read
essay question
How does the protagonist’s own arrogance and/or self-importance
lead to her downfall? Describe the
specific examples that lead you to that conclusion.
5 web links re: author and/or reading topic
“Flannery O’Connor: Biography and Critical Overview” Books and
Writers. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/flannery.htm
“The Flannery O’Connor
Collection”
“Flannery O’Connor” Books
and Writers. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/flannery.htm
Bill McGloughlin. “Mary
Flannery O’Connor” http://www.ils.unc.edu/flannery/Bionotes.htm
“Comforts of Home:
A Site Dedicated to Flannery O’Connor” http://www.geocities.com/Athens/3966/
“Flannery O’Connor” Little
Blue Light. 2000.
http://www.littlebluelight.com/oconnormain.html
Theodore Roethke,
"My Papa's Waltz" The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke
& Company, Inc. Copyright ©
1966.
Author Bio – one
paragraph
Theodore Roethke was born in
10- Multiple
Choice Questions: Comprehension/Chapter/reading-specific
1.
“My Papa’s Waltz” exhibits a rhyme-scheme a) abcabc;
b) abab; c) abba; d)
unrhymed; e) all of the above.
2. The rhyme scheme in “My
Papa’s Waltz” emphasizes the a) interlacing of the father and son; b) the
desire of the son to connect with the father; c) the father’s intoxication vis-a-vis the son’s need for real contact and
communication; d) the rhythmic feel of dancing; e) all of the above.
3. Roethke’s feelings about his father
are marked by a) sadness and loss; b) a failure to communicate on a profound
level; c) resignation; d) all of the above.
4.
Which characters are not represented in the poem? a) the
father, b) the grandmother; c) the mother; d) the son.
5.
Theodore Roethke suffered from a) compulsive
gambling addiction; b) cruise ships; c) depression; d) malaria; e) none
of the above.
6.
Roethke influenced the “Confessional Poets,” whose ranks
did not include a) Sylvia Plath; b) Anne Sexton; c) James Wright; d) John Ashbery.
7.
Roethke’s first book of poems is entitled a) Dog Days; b)
Loss of a Father; c) Open House; d) Solid Days
and Permeable Nights; e) none of the above.
8.
Roethke built on a) modernist stream-of-consciousness
narrative techniques; b) daily coffee and homemade donuts cooked over an
open fire; c) ideas on human nature quoted from Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan;
d) opium.
9.
Roethke won a Pulitzer Prize in 1954 for a) Fair Child
Afar; b) The Waking; c) Indelible Tears; d) The
Trouble with Sleeping; e) Four Skies and a Morning.
10. “My Papa’s Waltz” ends with a)
separation; b) joyous reunion; c) a fishing trip; d) a mother’s tears.
11. We understand that the
protagonist of “My Papa’s Waltz” is from the working class because of his a)
tattered work pants; b) his broken knuckle and dirt-encrusted hand; c)
he likes country-western music; d) they live in a Salvation Army camp.
Before You Read
essay question
What works of
literature and film deal with a child’s longing for closeness with a parental
figure who is now absent due to death, divorce, or
psychological issues? Describe them.
After You Read
essay question
How does “My Papa’s
Waltz” relate to the works you described?
5 web links re: author and/or reading topic
“Theodore Roethke”
“Theodore Roethke” Modern American Poetry. http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/m_r/roethke/roethke.htm
“Theodore Huebner Roethke: Biography and Works” august 2000. http://thebrothers.com/eraaz/roethke1.html
“Theodore Roethke” Thomas Hampson: I Hear
“Theodore Roethke: Poems” http://gawow.com/roethke/poems/
Mason West. “Roethke and the Convergence of Dualism” http://mason-west.com/Roethke/index.shtml
“Salvaged Poems of Theodore Roethke”
http://www.artseditor.com/html/january00/jan00_roethke.shtml
ArtsEditor.
January 2000.
3.
Visual Analysis: This module is
basically a picture writing exercise. We
will need one per chapter. You are to
provide up to 5 links to a photo or
graphic of some sort and 1 to 2 essay
questions per visual or link. The
links must be viable because if the link
dies, then the exercise dies. I
suggest using public domain links. You
can link to the home page of a
newspaper like the NY Times, but word
your essay questions accordingly since
the visual will change daily. The
questions would have to be a bit more
open-ended. The sites that we have live
now that contain this exercise are
www.prenhall.com/biays (both books) and www.prenhall.com/moser.
Feel free to
use the links that are on these sites if
they apply to the material.
Describe
the people in the photograph of a picket in
http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/african/picket.jpg
*******
Compare
and contrast the two photographs below.
One is from a vaudeville show, the other
depicts migrants from
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bobhope/images/vc28b.jpg
http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/wcf/wcf089.jpg
*******
The
photograph below was taken in
http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/land/4143m.html
*******
The image
below was taken in
http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/land/4095m.html
*********
Does the
image below make you think of endless frontier and opportunity, or of promised
broken, destitution, and barrenness?
Why? How does the image relate to
various ideas and myths about
4. Read and Respond: This is another chapter-specific module. Again, you
will provide up to 3 links to online
readings that pertain to a topic, but
may take different view points on that
topic. Along with the links, provide
an essay question that challenges the
student to critique what s/he reads.
Is it acceptable to write stories that show
troubling images? Do they reinforce hate
speech or do they combat hate speech?
What is hate speech, anyway? What
are views on it? What do you think? Please read the links below:
“Hate Speech on Campus.” American Civil Liberties
Ursula Owen. Hate
Speech: The Speech that Kills. http://www.oneworld.org/index_oc/issue198/hate-speech.html
Definition of Hate
Crimes Threatens Free Speech. CWA Library. http://www.cwfa.org/library/family/1997-12-18_hate-speech.shtml
5. Destinations: For this module, you will provide up to
are chapter-specific. We have begun
asking for so many destinations
because if a link dies, we can simply
remove that link and still have a
viable module. This cuts down on the
maintenance of the site dramatically.
This should be a fun module for you.
Given the textbook's topic, you should
be able to find some interesting and
creative web sites.
Paul P. Reuben. PAL:
Perspectives in American Literature – a Research and Reference Guide. http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/TABLE.HTML
Modern American Poetry. http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/
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